BUSINESS, Page 50Feeling the HeatA burst of inflation rattles the stock market, sends interestrates bolting, and threatens to put the Fed and the White Houseon a collision courseBy John Greenwald
Has the economic bane of the 1970s returned to haunt the late
1980s? For several years, inflation has seemed like a vanquished
problem of another era. Price increases during the past half-decade
have been remarkably small, never more than 5% annually. Vigilant
economists have spotted warning signs from time to time but never
any present danger. Now, however, comes fresh evidence that
inflation may be making a comeback at a time when it could play
havoc with the aging economic expansion and the new Administration.
A serious rise in prices would force the Federal Reserve to fight
back by pushing interest rates higher, which runs the risk of
choking the economy, boosting the federal budget deficit, and
ballooning the cost of President Bush's savings and loan bailout.
The primary U.S. inflation signal flared brightly last week.
Propelled largely by the fast-rising cost of food and gasoline, the
Consumer Price Index increased 0.6% in January, which would amount
to a worrisome 7.2% if it were to continue through the year. That
marked the strongest monthly inflationary surge since January 1987,
when prices jumped 0.7%. But the rate then slowed to a modest 4.4%
for 1987 and 1988.
After the latest numbers became public, Federal Reserve
Chairman Alan Greenspan gave moneymen an anxiety attack by his
frank acknowledgment of the problem. Testifying before Congress,
Greenspan called the CPI report "disturbing" because it suggested
that the U.S. economy was close to overheating despite the Fed's
eleven-month effort to slow it down by subtly tightening the credit
supply. Noting that last week's report followed January's startling
1% rise in the Wholesale Price Index, a leap of 12.7% on a